The Medieval Collection includes over 800 objects that originate mainly from Niš and the surrounding villages, but there are also many objects from the territory that goes beyond the borders of the current territorial jurisdiction of the Museum.
The objects are dated in a wide chronological range from the 4th – 5th century until the 16th -17th century, when a set of gold jewelry, a random finding from the territory of Niš city, is also dated. The objects such as a large reliquary from the 12th century from Oreovac near Niš with a crucifixion scene and a figure of the Virgin and the top of the partisan (spontoon), a ceremonial weapon found in the immediate vicinity of the old church ruins near Kuršumlija are particularly notable for the way they were made and for was is represented on them.